Calories Burned Waverunner

Colombia country of disaster risk perception

Colombia disaster

E n recent years, disasters natural or technological origin, have increased the number of affected persons throughout the world. Budgets to address these emergencies are no longer sufficient. The unfortunate experience left by Hurricane Katrina, is one of many calls attention to governments to formulate effective policies for disaster prevention, thus avoiding the terrible nightmare of helplessness in response to the disaster.

P ut if a powerful country like the United States was powerless against the New Orleans disaster that awaits Colombia with the limited resources to deal with such events. Statement is not free, the only example of the Galeras volcano is confirmed.

We are a country with a sad history of disasters. We live with the constant threat of earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, terrorist attacks, epidemics, car accidents and other social origin, of whom we deal in this corner.

Three disasters in Colombia are in the "Top 10" the world. The database of international disasters (EM-DAT) of University of Louvain in Brussels, Belgium, ranks at the top Villatina disasters (by sliding one of the slopes of Medellin), Armero (volcanic origin ) and Cali (industrial accident scarcely known by many Colombians). EM-DAT disaster recorded worldwide since 1900 to date, having as its main sources: government agencies (especially care offices and disaster prevention), NGOs, research centers, disaster, insurance companies and news agencies.

The September 27, 1987, there was an avalanche on the slopes of Sugar Loaf Mountain, burying more than 400 people in the poor sector of Villatina in Medellín (EM-DAT talks 640). The lack of government policies and then applying the rules of the substandard settlements then conducive to disasters of Villatina flying to happen, and overcome the disgrace that we occupy seventh place in the top 10” de desastres por deslizamiento.

Top 10 Countries affected by Slides sorted by number of people killed and affected
Country	Date	Killed	Country	Date	Affected
Soviet Union	1949	12,000	Brazil	11-Jan-1966	4,000,000
Peru	Dec-1941	5,000	India	Jul-1986	2,500,000
Honduras	20-Sep-1973	2,800	India	12-Sep-1995	1,100,000
Peru	10-Jan-1962	2,000	Nepal	15-Jul-2002	265,865
Italy	9-Oct-1963	1,189	Indonesia	31-Mar-2003	229,548
India	1-Oct-1968	1,000	Philippines	19-Dec-2003	217,988
Colombia	27-Sep-1987	640	India	17Aug-1998	200,000
Peru	18-Mar-1971	600	Bolivia	Feb-1994	165,000
China P Rep	23-Mar-1934	500	Brazil	30-Jul-2000	143,000
India	18-Sep-1948	500	Chile	19-Jun-1991	82.811
Created on: Nov-21 -2005. - Data version: v05.10

recently reminisced about the 20 years of Armero disaster, but it seems we have learned. We can only Omaira image as a faithful witness of what had actually happened. The government and budget came away with it, the dead do not consume resources.

The volcanic disaster that claimed over 21,000 lives is the second highest in the history recorded by the EM-DAT

Top 10 Countries Affected by Volcano sorted by number of people Killed and Affected
Country	Date	Killed	Country	Date	Affected
Martinique	8-May-1902	30,000	Philippines	9-Jun-1991	1,036,065
Colombia	13-Nov1985	21.800	Indonesia	5-April-1982	300.000
Guatemala	24-Oct-1902	6,000	Indonesia	1969	250,000
Indonesia	1909	5,500	Philippines	6-Feb-1993	165,009
Indonesia	May-1919	5,000	New Guinea	19-Sep-1994	152,002
Guatemala	1929	5,000	Ecuador	3-Nov-2002	128,150
New Guinea	15-Jan-1951	3,000	Zaire/Congo	17-Jan-2002	110,400
Cameroon	21Aug-1986	1,746	Indonesia	3-Jan-1963	78,000
Indonesia	3-Jan-1963	1,584	Guadeloupe	30Aug-1976	75,003
St Vincent Grenadines	8-May-1902	1.565	Mexico	21-Dec-1994	75.000
Created on: Nov-21-2005 . - Data version: v05.10

In industrial disasters are the champions. On August 7, 1956, in Cali was recorded more dreadful disaster of industrial origin. Seven military trucks carrying 40 tons of gelatinous dynamite explode, destroying more than 40 blocks in five neighborhoods in the city. The records EMDAT 2.700 dead, Cali talk to more than 10,000. "For three days straight, got trucks of corpses" is the testimony of one of the gravediggers in the city. "Flying fireballs, I thought the world was running out," says another of the witnesses of the disaster.

"What other disasters await us? We are vulnerable in all contexts, socially and economically we are not prepared. The major technological developments bring other impacts (invisible ones, known others), we have not evaluated and less developed policies for prevention. Hopefully in the future, anthropogenic disaster does not lead us to occupy the first places in the database EM-DAT

Top 10 Countries Affected by Industrial Accident sorted by numbers of people killed and affected
Country	Date	Killed	Country	Date	Affected
Colombia	7-Aug-1956	2,700	Mexico	19Nov-1984	708,248
India	3-Dec-1984	2,500	Brazil	1-Apr-2003	550,000
China P Rep	26-Apr-1942	1,549	Soviet Union	29-Sep-1957	400,935
France	10-Mar-1906	1,099	Japan	30-Sep-1999	320,600
Nigeria	17-Oct-1998	1,082	India	3-Dec-1984	300,000
Iraq	17Aug-1989	700	Canada	1979	220,000
Soviet Union	4-Jun-1989	607	USA	28-Mar-1979	200,000
Germany	21-Sep-1921	600	Italy	10-Jul-1976	190,893
USA	16-Apr-1947	561	China P Rep	16-Apr-2004	150,000
Brazil	25-Feb-1984	508	Soviet Union	26-Apr-1986	135,000
Created on: Nov- 21-2005. - Data version: v05.10

What Is Benzonatae Used For

crashes

Perceptions of risk by automobile accidents.

The risk is all the rage. Earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, fires, wars, plane crashes, floods, viruses, droughts are in the scoop of all media. All our meetings we can not avoid referring to Katrina, Rita or Wilma, we focus on the latest figures of dead Kashmir earthquake or the latest attack in Iraq, as we invade the fear of the threat of avian virus.

all want to write about risks. Comment or conceptualize about an issue that gave rise to studies of CTS in the 60 and 70 of the last century in the United States. The nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in 1979, encourages laymen to laymen and not subjective or objective study of the impacts of old and new technologies. Born-governmental organizations and non-governmental, academic and nonacademic groups, websites, magazines and thousands of articles and publications about risk. There is even talk of the science of risk.

risk is studied from different disciplines. Technical or engineering approach based his studies in logic and mathematical structures, sociologists speak of social constructs, psychologists are concerned with the problem of perception and social representation, the influence of cultural anthropologists and philosophers of epistemology and ontology risk.

Risk From this corner, we will discuss about some of the hundreds of risks that are of concern to the general public, and other little known or poorly disseminated, that deserve our attention or which we ignore that we live with them. The American philosopher Larry Laudan first rule is to address the risk: "Everything is Risk" rule that is reflected in today's enterprises in implementing their risk management systems, "the risks are managed not eliminated."

output in the first corner, we will approach the risk associated with automobile accidents. I clearly from my technical approach, the risk is not an accident, is the probability of loss of lives, injuries, wounds or bruises, or the probability of loss of property caused by car accidents. People say the car, not the accident.

The first risk has been the subject of many studies looking for causes and in developing strategies to minimize them, but despite the many strategies used, their size does not decrease. Statistics of traffic accidents around the world prove it. In Britain, the use of seat belts reduced the mortality rate for drivers, but the number of traffic accidents and deaths of passengers and pedestrians.

According to statistics, car accidents are increasing, and by the force of impacts, children are suffering the more serious consequences. In the Together was recorded in 1985, an average of 45,000 deaths from motor vehicle accidents, higher than the dead of the recent earthquake in Pakistan or the equivalent of 120 passenger plane crashed every day for a year.

The World Health of (WHO) estimates that 25% of all injury deaths are the result of injuries caused by traffic accidents. The main causes of these deaths include driving under the influence of alcohol (more than 35% in the U.S.), speeding and not wearing seatbelts.

In 2000, 1.2 million children women and men were killed worldwide in traffic accidents. Moreover, current statistics published by the Pan American of Health Organization (PAHO) show that the United States, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela are the five nations with the highest number of traffic-related deaths. According to the latest available figures, the deaths were in the United States 45 833 (during 1997-1999), Brazil 34 098 (during 1996-1999), Mexico 14 737 (during 1998-2000), Colombia 7523 (during the period 1996-1998) and in Venezuela 4935 (during the period 1998-2000)

In the U.S., most motorized society in the world, car accidents are the third leading cause of death for all ages, down from heart disease and cancer, according the National Traffic Safety Highway Department of Transportation United States (NHTSA). Police in 2002 reported an estimated 6.3 million traffic crashes, which killed 42,815 people and over 2.9 million were injured, according to NHTSA.

Source: www.leveedistrictpolice.com

WHO said in its report to the United Nations, besides the deaths, "hundreds of thousands more are injured on our roads, and some become permanent disabilities. Most of this occurs in developing countries, among pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and public transport users, many of whom could never afford a private motor vehicle. "

Paul Slovic, a professor of psychology at the University of Oregon and author of "risk perception", says that the average car trip is 50.000 to throughout our life. The probability of death in a car accident is one person for every 140 who are injured, three people injured, one was seriously injured.

The public, says Slovic, who smokes billion cigarettes a year, prohibits an artificial sweetener because a person in a million may develop a cancer, the same public who consume foods high in fat, cities inhabited by millions of high seismic risk areas is the same that prevents the ocean for fear of sharks and cold sweats mounted on an airplane.

Slovic has conducted through questionnaires applied directly to the people coming to the general opinion about risk. Characterized these risks by using various attributes (controllability, novelty, knowledge, catastrophic potential, impact, etc..). The methodology is known as the "psychometric paradigm", which assumes that individuals understand the risk from a subjective, influenced by a wide range of psychological, social, institutional and cultural. The paradigm states that appropriate design of the survey instrument, many of these factors and their correlations can be quantified and modeling to better understand individuals and their attitudes towards the risks they face.

From these studies from the psychological approach, we conclude that the public perception of risk differs from that perceived by the experts. Experts are based in the statistics while the lay public does not, do so according to subjective factors such as individual risk control, time and place of occurrence of risk, the general fear of catastrophic effect of certain risks such as accidents aircraft or a nuclear plant.

A survey in the city of Baltimore is not far from the perception of risk in other cities. In this survey relate only 30 of the many risks they are exposed. For experts, the risk that comes first is that associated with motor vehicle crashes, while for the public, is the risk posed by nuclear power plants. Significant differences were observed in the classification of the risks involved in practicing some sports.

Although there is consensus against the hazard car, there is no fear in it. The general public fears more air travel than to travel by car. The application of the factor matrices of Slovic in Chile, for factors fear of risk (factor 1) and lack of risk (factor 2), shows this trend.

Finally, we can conclude: "We, the general public, we are irrational and uninformed about the risk. We do not understand or care about the statistics "